Human Values

Human Values - 

• 2nd ARC- deeply held beliefs and ideas about right and wrong;
• Individual principle or qualities that guide judgement and behaviour of a person or a group. 
• Values are like anchor in ship.
• A tree is as strong as its root 
• 6 virtue - wisdom, courage, humanity, justice, and transcendence.
• Intrinsic is one which has worth in its own right. It is an End-in-itself. Like Truth, Beauty, goodness, temperance, Courage can be called as absolute values

• Gandhi - perseverance, self-belief, integrity, humility, dedication
• Mandela - fairness, service to society, dignity, forgiveness, respect.
• Luther King - equality, faith, selflessness, non-violence, hope
• Bhibhishan Vs Kumbakaran - brother 
• Duryodhan-  Envy - rival prosper 
• Yudhisthira - I act bcoz I must
• Arjuna despair - no victors in war
• Bhishma - selflessness - be intent on the act not on fruit
• Karna - status anxiety - 
• Eklavya - give me your right thumb
• Ashwathama revenge - in night - 

• Extrinsic is one which is a means to some other value. It is of instrumental worth only. Like Wealth, Fame, physical fitness, nature(selflessness from tree and river)
• Hong Kong protest - democratic values - against extradition bill 
• China - xingxuang provice - internment camps - forcing uighyur muslim into han chinese culture 
• Muslim countries 'so called protector of ullema' supporting china ex- Iran , pakistan , saudi arabia etc

Frugality

Fortitude 

• Strength , courage , resilience , stamina , determination , endurance , Guts, Grit  
• Our greatest glory is not in never falling, but in rising every time we fall.” – Confucius

Prudence

• Knowing how to avoid embarrassment or distress

wisdom 

• Accumulated knowledge
• IPS sandeep patil refuse bouquets and asks for books

Temperance 

• trait of avoiding excesses
• Justice Karnan case

Justice 

• quality of being just or fair
• NC Mehta - environmental PIL to stop Polluting bus, Child labour , heritage , Industrical poluution 
• Injustice anywhere is a threat to justice everywhere. - MLK
• Amarty Sen - 5 capability - econmic , political , Social, trnasparency , Relationshio
• Justice will not be served until those who are unaffected are as outraged as those who are” -Benjamin Franklin - 

Egalitarianism 

• doctrine advocates equality of mankind.
• desires political and economic and social equality
• Removal of economic inequalities.
• Decentralisation of power. 
• People should have same political, economic, social rights

Equality 

• equally balanced; relative term;
• Equality - quality of being the same in quantity, measure, value or status
• Poverty anywhere is a threat to prosperity everywhere- ILO philadelphia convention

Equity 

• Equity - treatment of different views or opinions equally and fairly
•  having strong moral principles; uprightness of character or action.
• MC Mehta 

Prejudice & Discrimination 

• Nobel Laureate Liu Xiaobo (Tiananmen square protests jailed for co-authoring Charter 08 & for democratic freedom ) died in 2017 - China removed all the references of him (Freedom of speech)
• Temple entry movement - Bhumata brigade of trupti desai along with similar movement in sabrimala & Haji Ali dargah