Buddhism


  • Abhidhamma Pitaka
  • Dharmachakra parivartana sutra
  • Avoided speculative metaphysics, phenomenology


  • Sarva dukham - the world is full of suffering, miseries
  • Dukha samudaya - there is cause of suffering
  • Dukha Nirodha- cessation of suffering is possible
  • Dukha Nirodh samudaya- there is path of cessation of suffering
  • Ashtanga Marga - training in ethics, concentration samadhi & conduct

Pratityasamutpada

  • Asmin sati, idam bhavati ,This being that arises
  • Th of dependent origination
  • Everything is changing, impermanent, subj to creation & destruction
  • Dharmachakra parivartna
  • 2,3 noble truth
  • Bodhi or Pragya permanent

Davadasnidan - 12 causal wheel

  • Avidhya - ignorance
  • Jaramaran-  suffering
  • Jati - Birth / rebirth
  • Bhava- will
  • Upadan - clingingness
  • Trishna - Thirst
  • Vedna - sense experience
  • Sparsha - Sense object contact
  • Sadayatna- 6 senses
  • Nama- roop - psycho-physical being
  • Vijyan -  initial consciousness in embryo
  • Samskara - karmic impression

Ksanikavada

  • PS logically lead to Ksanikvada
  • Everything exists for a moment only & impermanent
  • Heraclitus - can't bath in the same river twice,
  • Example of flame
  • Sanghatvada- compound object fleeting sensation
  • Arthakriyavada - the moment has the potential to cause another moment
  • Anityavada- impermanent

Nairatmyavada

  • Soul in nothing but 5 fleeting skandhas
    • Naam - Rupa - book
    • Vedna -feeling
    • Sanjna - conception
    • Samskara- predisposition
    • Vijnan -consc.
    • Roop- material body

• Explain transmigration of the soul with the help of arthakriyavada & law of karma

Madhyamika

  • Nagarajuna Madhyamika sutra
  • Shunyavada
  • Swabhava sunya - reality chatuskoti vinirmukta
  • Prapancha sunya - beyond verbalization , language
  • Samvarti satya-
  • Lok samvrati
  • Mithya Samvrati
  • Parmarthik Satya-

• Shunyavada can't be proved
• At least they believe in their arguments

Vigyanvada

Yogacara

  • Presentationism , Berkley, 2 factor epistemology th
  • Dharmakriti - blue color and consc of blue color same
  • Alaya vighyan - a storehouse of consc. Out of 8 cons
  • Reality is atomic or compound
  • Reality can't be atomic as atoms are subtle & incomprehensible
  • Compound can't be comprehended all at once , it must comprehend part by part
  • If parts are atomic they become incomprehensible
  • If they are compound same problem arises and leads to infinite regression.


Criticism

  • Mind knows mind
  • Distinguish between images and real obj
  • How does vijyanvadin est their arguments

Sautantrika


  • Representationism, Locke, 3-factor epistemology
  • Bahyaanumeyavada
  • Inferiablity of external object - external obj known through inference


Vaibhashika


  • Neorealist



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