Charavaka

• Brihaspati sutra, Hetrodox , Purva paksha
• Radical Empiricist ,  Pluralistic Materialism       

Theory of Knowledge

• Perception only

Rejection of inference - contingent, uncertain leap in dark

• Aspastavat- x vivid
• Avastu-Vishyatvat- x concrete
• Badhya-amantvat- contradicted
• Depend on perceptual statement
• Vyapti X -universal , invariable, unconditional concomitance
• P - illicit generalization , impossible, unnecessary
• I - petitio principi - fallacy  ~ regression
• C - kind of inference, S- need to be proved itself
• Samanyalakshana (universal)- x
• Uniformity of exp- inherent nature may change
• Causal relation - X

• Even P misleading- error/ malfunction - senses ex - flat earth
• Thoughts, discussion, doctrine, affirmation & denial - possible by I -
• scepticism 
• Refuse I - refuse to think & discuss
• C argues with critics - infers thought
• Support his views by reason (himself use I )
• Obj like T, S, Atom x perceived -but necessary to accept them

• Din't rejected I altogether , he rejected its use to gain metaphysical know
• Critical outlook , save philo from dogmatism, excessive clericalism 

Causal relation - accident , contingent , chance

• Mere belief - Hume refutation
• LoC - x explain diversity
• Effect may not  have cause - ex - energy
• <can't P future> From definite Cause - many effect may arise
• Svabhavavada- naturalism , animmitvada - x cause, yedrechavad - accidentalism
• Nature - x uni law it may change,
• Nature - no cause - cause in itself

• Satkaryavada , asatkaryavad
• Nyaya
• LoK denied- immoral society
• Bhutchatusthya (EWFA), naturalism ---> Diversity

Testimony - unreliable

• know of words & meaning based on I ex- orange is red
• V - meaningless, misleading, contradictory, not authoritative
• Confuse common ppl - selfish purpose

• M- sound is eternal - word of V - eternally existing
• C- P - x show word sound eternal

Rejection of Transcendent Entities

• Metaphysics follow from epistemo -
• Unqualified materialistic monism - matter is all
• Reject G, S, heaven/hell, atoms, akash- S, ether, LoK, Moksha

• $ 4 elements (EWFA)- compounds - x atom <Sanghatvada>
• 5 senses, internal sense - mind <materialistic>

World

• Animittavada - (a - nimitta) no cause - world is chaos & whatever order is mere chance
• Svabhava-vada- world come into existence by spontaneous combination of material element
• Yedrecchavada - accidentalism , mechanistic
• Explain creation/existence as a mere mechanical combination of element - x consc. purpose (Teleo)

• Lead to hedonism
• Non- perception does not means non-existence
• SY - world has teleological purpose

Self

• Dehatmavada- so called S - material living B , X deny consc
• Bhutchaitanyavada - S - product of matter
• When M thing combine in particular ratio & quantity - give rise to consc. -
• Epiphenomenon
• Consc- result of emergent dialectical evolution
• Liver secret bile, betel leaf , nut, lime - red color
• Molassses fermentation produce intoxicant liquid

• Proof - Nourishment, day2day, lang, mental dev, old & sick cons., not perceived

Critics - not material x betal ex , fits & epilepsy, dream , animal cons, material perceived, memory recollection , subj identified as obj, nonexist from non perception , nosoul = no karma= x ethics =x society
Defence - animal conns- material combine in certain fashion proportion