• WB - wide array of org , community grp , ngos, labour union , indigenous grps, charitable orgs, faith based org, professional association and foundation
• Ex - amnesty , ITUC , WWF , Greenpeace
• Role - watchdog , advocate - weaker section POV, agitate , educate - citizen R , entitlement , serivce provider - govt out of reach area, mobilizer
• Types - civil right advocacy grp , community based org , citizen grp , farmer coop , business & industry chamber of commerce , labour unions , int peace & hr org , media & communication org , natural resource conservation & protection , PP , religious org , Housing cooperation , RWA , slum dwellers
• National policy on voluntary sector , 2007 - enabling enviro for vo , safeguard autonomy , legitimate mobilization of financial resources India & abroad , identifying system by which gov can work together , encourage vo to adopt transparent & acctbl sys
• Analysis - policy rec not implemented , N accreditation agency for ngo (not created)
NGO
• Citizen based org which believes in certain basic principles & work for development of country
• Around 30 lakh NGO are registered under different act (1/400)
• Prathana samaj , 1864 , satya sodhak , arya samaj , 1870
• Role - implementer , catalyst , partners , monitoring , criticizing , advocating
• Research subject - centre for science & environ
• Educator, awareness - legal & const R
• Activist - politicizing issue of povert , social program - narmada bachao andolan , bkms
• Social evil eradication - baba amte leprosy patient , maharashtra aandhashradha nirmoolan samiti
• Community dev - goonj - disaster relief , humanitarian , waste recycling
• Electoral reforms - adr , pucl
• Progressive legislation - IAC 's lokpal , Domestic violence act , icds , nrega, rti
• Advisory role - policy dialouge , review development pro
• Micro credit ops
• Facilitate service delivery
• Mobilizer of mass - grass root
• Champion of weak
• Pressure grp
• Agent of change
• Custodian of rights
• Emancipation from oppression from outdated regressive custom
• Challenge - lack of funds
• Inadequate trained personal
• Misuse of funds -- tax avoidance
• Neglect of rural areas
• Urban centric - prestige , glamour ,rich, educate
• Curative not preventive
• Volunteerism declining among youth
• Focus on lobbying instead of grass root work
• Large ngo - centralized bureaucracy
• Transparency & acctbly issue - corruption
• Unorganized ,
• Narrow base
• Western model
• Trust deficit
• Sc - 2017 ordered govt to audit 30 lakh ngo 7 vo that receive public funding but fail to explain their spending
• IB - 'foreign funded ' NGO 'serving tools for foreign policy interest of western gov' , sponsoring agitation against nuclear & coal plant , negatively impact GDP growth by 2-3 % , internL security threat
• Christian NGO engaged in proselytization ex - compassion int put on priority list
• Children - cry , smile foundation , make a wish , pratham
• Disabled - udaan
• Hr - sewa, nanhi kalu - women , girl edu
• Enviro - wwf , bhns, birdlife , int , teri
• Elder - helpage indi
• Rural dev - Swadesh found , ashoka foundt
• Public cause - common cause
• Noble prize - amnesty int , red cross
• 12th FYP -
• Strengthen democracy & governance - participatory representation
• Grass root innovation & HR Provide platform for dialogue , dissent
• Promote art , culture , enviromnetal
• Social security , social service ,social change
• WF - S vijay Kumar , 2016
• Modernize NGO registration
• Reduce physical interface btn ngo & public office
• 3 tier monitoring mech
• Ensure seamless operation of FCRA
• N accreditation council - N policy on Volunteering ?
• SDG -17 , complement c servant as agent of implementation & n integration
• FCRA Acr
• Regulate acceptance & utilization of foreign fund through donation , gifts or grants
• NGO registers under FCRA to accept donation (renew in 5y)
• Prevent activity detrimental to N interest
• FCRA registration of 20 k NGO cancelled from 2011 til 2018
• June , 18 - relaxed penalties , instead of cancellation of license - heavy fines on NGO violating norms
• Finance Bill 2016 allowed PP to accept donation from foreign firms
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