MINISTRY OF AGRICULTURE AND FARMERS WELFARE

1.1. PRADHAN MANTRI KISAN SAMMAN NIDHI (PM-KISAN)

Central Sector Scheme.
Income support of Rs.6000/- per year is provided to all land holding farmer families, irrespective of land size, in three equal instalments of Rs.2000/- every four months.
Definition of family for the Scheme is husband, wife and minor children.
Identification of beneficiary farmer families rests with the State / UT Governments.
Fund is directly transferred to the bank accounts of the beneficiaries
Farmers can do their self-registration through the Farmers Corner in the portal or through Common Service Centers.
The benefit shall be paid to only those farmers families whose names are entered into the land records except for Forest dwellers, North-eastern states and Jharkhand which has separates provisions for land records.
PM-KISAN Mobile App was launched on 1st Anniversary of PM KISAN can view the status of their application, update or carry out corrections of their Aadhaar cards and also check history of credits to their bank accounts.
Exclusions: institutional land holders, former and present holder of constitutional posts, persons, who paid income tax in last assessment year etc. shall not be eligible for benefit under the scheme.
All PM-KISAN beneficiaries will be given the Kisan Credit Cards (KCC) so that farmers can take easy loans from the banks. This will help all such farmers to get short term loan for crop & animal/fish rearing at a maximum interest of 4% on timely repayment.

1.2. PM FASAL BIMA YOJANA

Centrally sponsored scheme and it replaced all other existing insurance schemes except the Restructured Weather-Based Crop Insurance Scheme.
a uniform premium of only 2% to be paid by farmers for all Kharif crops and 1.5% for all Rabi crops. In case of annual commercial and horticultural crops, the premium to be paid by farmers will be only 5%.
The balance premium was to be paid by state and central government in equal proportions. However, recently, Centre has slashed its share of the premium subsidy from 50% to just 25% in irrigated areas and 30% for unirrigated areas from the kharif season of 2020.

Districts having 50% or more irrigated area will be considered as irrigated area/district
Central Share in Premium Subsidy has been increased to 90% for North Eastern States from the existing sharing pattern of 50:50

Central Subsidy under PMFBY to be limited for premium rates upto 30% for unirrigated areas/crops and 25% for irrigated areas/crops.
It was compulsory for loanee farmers availing crop loans for notified crops in notified areas. However, now it has been made voluntary for all farmers.
Yield Losses: due to non-preventable risks, such as Natural Fire and Lightning, Storm, Hailstorm, Cyclone, Typhoon, Tempest, Hurricane,Tornado. Risks due to Flood, Inundation and Landslide, Drought, Dry spells, Pests/ Diseases also will be covered.
Post-harvest losses are also covered which include losses from unseasonal and cyclonic rainfalls and hailstorms.
The Scheme shall be implemented on an ‘Area Approach basis’. Defined Area (i.e., unit area of insurance) is Village or above. It can be a Geo-Fenced/Geo-mapped region having homogenous Risk Profile for the notified crop.
Insured sum of crops: States/UTs can either choose scale of finance or district level value of notional average yield at MSP. Farm gate price will be considered for the other crops for which MSP is not declared.
Public sector insurer (Agriculture Insurance Company of India, United India Insurance Company etc.) and private insurance companies are empanelled for implementation of the scheme. The farmers will be paid 12% interest by insurance companies for the delay in settlement claims beyond two months of prescribed cut-off date.
States have been allowed to set up their own insurance companies for implementing the scheme.
Recently, Government has modified some provisions of ongoing schemes of PMFBY and RWBCIS as under:

Allocation of business to Insurance Companies to be done for 3 years. Currently, the tenders floated by the States are for 1/2/3 year periods.
Flexibility to States/UTs to implement the Scheme with an option to select any or many of additional risk covers/features
States not to be allowed to implement the Scheme in subsequent Seasons in case of considerable delay by States in release of requisite Premium Subsidy to concerned Insurance Companies beyond a prescribed time limit. (Cut-off dates for Kharif and Rabi seasons will be 31st March and 30th September).

Recently, Maharashtra became the first state to integrate its land records with the web portal of PMFBY. It will facilitate online access of land details to farmers, solve the issue of over-insurance and prevent insurance of ineligible people.

1.3. FORMATION AND PROMOTION OF FARMER PRODUCER ORGANIZATIONS (FPOS)

10,000 FPOs would be formed in five years period from 2019-20 to 2023-24 to ensure economies of scale for farmers.
Handholding support to each FPO would be continued for 5 years from its year of inception for which support will continue till 2027-28.
It is a Central Sector Scheme under Department of Agriculture, Cooperation & Farmers Welfare (DAC&FW)
Implemented by- Small Farmers Agri-business Consortium (SFAC), National Cooperative Development Corporation (NCDC) and National Bank for Agriculture and Rural Development (NABARD). Also, States can nominate their Implementing Agency in consultation with DAC&FW.
Cluster Based Business Organizations (CBBOs) will be formed at cluster/state level. These CBBOs will consist of specialists and will serve as a platform for an end to end knowledge for all issues in FPO promotion.
Minimum number of members in FPO will be 300 in plain area and 100 in North East & hilly areas.
At least 15% of the targeted FPOs would be in aspirational districts with at least one FPO in each block of aspirational districts.
Credit guarantee facility up to Rs 2 crore of project loan per FPO. Credit Guarantee Funds (CGF) will be created by NABARD and NCDC.
FPOs will be promoted under "One District One Product" cluster to promote specialization and better processing, marketing, branding & export by FPOs.

1.4. PRADHAN MANTRI KISAN MAAN-DHAN YOJANA (PM-KMY)

It is an old age pension scheme to provide social security net to around 3 crore Small and Marginal old age farmers as they have minimal or no savings to provide for old age and to support them in the event of consequent loss of livelihood.
Small and Marginal Farmer (SMF) of age of 18- 40 years - a farmer who owns cultivable land up to 2 hectares as per land records of the concerned State/UT.
Exclusions: SMFs covered under any other statuary social security schemes such as National Pension Scheme (NPS), Employees’ State Insurance Corporation scheme, Pradhan Mantri Shram Yogi Maan Dhan Yojana (PM-SYM) etc.
Central Sector Scheme.
• It is a voluntary and contribution-based pension scheme for farmers in the entry age group of 18 to 40 years and a minimum monthly pension of Rs. 3000 will be provided to them on attaining the age of 60 years.
• The monthly contribution by farmer ranges between Rs.55 to 200 to the Pension Fund, depending on the age of entry into the Scheme, with provision of equal contribution by the Central Government.
The Life Insurance Corporation of India (LIC) will be the Pension Fund Manager and responsible for Pension pay out.
In case of death of the farmer before retirement date, the spouse may continue in the scheme by paying the remaining contributions till the remaining age of the deceased farmer.
• If the farmer dies after the retirement date, the spouse will receive 50% of the pension as Family Pension. After the death of both the farmer and the spouse, the accumulated corpus shall be credited back to the Pension Fund.
• Synergy with other initiatives:

o farmers can opt to allow his/her monthly contribution to the Scheme to be made from the benefits drawn from the Pradhan Mantri Kisan Samman Nidhi (PMKISAN) Scheme directly. But its not compulsory.

• The initial enrolment to the PM-KMY is being done through the Common Service Centres (CSCs)
• Village Level Entrepreneurs (VLEs) of the CSCs who are field level functionaries, have also been provided incentives for ensuring maximum enrolment of farmers
• There will be an appropriate grievance redressal mechanism of LIC, banks and the government.
• An empowered committee of secretaries has also been constituted for monitoring, review and amendment of the scheme.

1.5. GREEN REVOLUTION – KRISHONNATI YOJANA

To develop the agriculture and allied sector in a holistic and scientific manner to increase the income of farmers by enhancing production, productivity and better returns on produce.
Centrally Sponsored Umbrella Scheme that has been implemented since 2016-17
It comprises of 11 schemes / missions:

Mission for Integrated Development of Horticulture (MIDH)- to promote holistic growth of horticulture sector
National Food Security Mission (NFSM) including National Mission on Oil Seeds and Oil Palm (NMOOP)- to increase production of rice, wheat, pulses, coarse cereals, oilseeds and commercial crops through area expansion, restoring soil fertility and improving productivity.
National Mission for Sustainable Agriculture (NMSA)- to promote sustainable agriculture practices focusing on integrated farming, appropriate soil health management and synergizing resource conservation technology.
• Sub-Mission on Agriculture Extension (SMAE)- to strengthen ongoing programmes of states/local bodies to achieve food security, empowering farmers, strengthen programme planning, ICT usage etc.
• Sub-Mission on Seeds and Planting Material (SMSP)- to increase production of certified / quality seed, increase seed replacement rate (SRR) and upgrade the quality of farm saved seeds.
• Sub-Mission on Agricultural Mechanization (SMAM)- to increase the reach of farm mechanization, promote ‘Custom Hiring Centres’ to offset the adverse economies of scale arising due to small landholding and high cost.
• Sub-Mission on Plant Protection and Plan Quarantine- to minimize loss to quality and yield of agricultural crops, shield agricultural bio-security, facilitate exports and promote good agricultural practices.
• Integrated Scheme on Agriculture Census, Economics and Statistics- to undertake the agriculture census, study of the cost of cultivation of principal crops, to undertake research studies on agro-economic problems etc.
• Integrated Scheme on Agricultural Cooperation (ISAC)- to provide financial assistance for improving the economic conditions of cooperatives, remove regional imbalances.
• Integrated Scheme on Agricultural Marketing (ISAM)- to develop and provide agricultural marketing infrastructure, promote innovative and latest technologies and integrate markets through a common online market platform.
• National e-Governance Plan (NeGP-A)- to improve access of farmers to information &services, making available timely and relevant information to the farmers for increasing their agriculture productivity.

1.5.1. MISSION FOR INTEGRATED DEVELOPMENT OF HORTICULTURE

Horticulture sector (including bamboo & coconut)
Encourage aggregation of farmers in into groups such as FPOs.
Enhance horticulture production, augment farmers’ income and strengthen nutritional security.
Improve productivity by ways of germplasm, planting material and water use efficiency through micro-irrigation.
• Support skill development and create employment generation opportunities
• It is a Centrally Sponsored Scheme which was started from 2014-15 comprising of following sub-schemes and areas of operation -

National Horticulture Mission: to promote holistic growth of horticulture sector through an area based regionally differentiated strategies
Horticulture Mission for North East & Himalayan States: It is a technology mission which focuses on production of quality planting material, organic farming, efficient water management etc.

o Promote, develop and disseminate technologies and generate employment opportunities.
o National Horticulture Board is implementing various schemes under Mission for Integrated Development of Horticulture (MIDH) in all States and UTs.
o Coconut Development Board is implementing various schemes under Mission for Integrated Development of Horticulture (MIDH) in all Coconut growing states in the country.
o Central Institute for Horticulture, Nagaland for providing technical back stopping through capacity building and training of farmers and Field functionaries in the North Eastern Region.
Strategy-

o Adopt end-to-end approach with backward and forward linkages.
o Promote R&D technologies for cultivation and other activities with special focus on cold chain infrastructure.
o Improve productivity through diversification of crops, extension of technology and increasing acreage of orchards etc.
o Improve post-harvest management, value addition processing and marketing infrastructure.
o Promote FPOs and their links with Market aggregators and financial institutions.
• Funding – Central government contributes 90% in NE States and Himalayan States and 60% in all other states while remaining is contributed by state government.

• In 2014, Project CHAMAN was launched which envisages use of satellite remote sensing data along with Geographical Information System (GIS) for generating action plans for horticultural development.

1.5.2. NATIONAL FOOD SECURITY MISSION

• Increasing production of rice, wheat, pulses, coarse cereals and commercial crops through area expansion and productivity enhancement in a sustainable manner.
• Restore soil fertility and productivity at the individual farm level.
• It is a Centrally Sponsored Scheme which was launched in 2007.
• From the years 2018-19 and 2019-20, NMOOP and Seed Village Programme are now a part of NFSM and thus NFSM will have eight components viz. (i) NFSM- Rice; (ii) NFSM-Wheat; (iii) NFSM-Pulses; (iv) NFSM-Coarse Cereals (Maize, Barley), (v) NFSM-Sub Mission on Nutri Cereals; (vi) NFSM-Commercial Crops; (vii) NFSM-Oilseeds and Oilpalm; and (viii) NFSM-Seed Village Programme

1.5.3. NATIONAL MISSION ON SUSTAINABLE AGRICULTURE

To make agriculture more sustainable, productive, remunerative and climate-resilient.
Conserve natural resources through appropriate soil and moisture conservation measures.
Adopt comprehensive soil management practices and optimize utilization of water.
Capacity building of farmers in the domain of climate change adaptation and mitigation.
It derives its mandate from Sustainable Agriculture Mission which is one of the eight missions outlined under National Action Plan on Climate Change (NAPCC).
NMSA will cater to key dimensions of ‘Water use efficiency’, ‘Nutrient Management’ and ‘Livelihood diversification’ through adoption of sustainable development pathway.
Main Components of NMSA are –

o Rain-fed Area Development
o On Farm Water Management (now subsumed under the ‘Per Drop More Crop (PDMC)’ component of Pradhan Mantri Krishi Sinchayee Yojana)
o Soil Health Management
o Climate Change and Sustainable Agriculture: Monitoring, Modelling and Networking
o Sub-Mission on Agroforestry (SMAF)
o National Bamboo Mission (NBM)

• Mission Organic Value Chain Development for North Eastern Region is a sub-mission under this. It aims at development of certified organic production in a value chain mode to link growers with consumers and to support the development of entire value chain.

1.5.3.1. PARAMPARAGAT KRISHI VIKAS YOJANA

• To reduce cost of agriculture to farmers through sustainable integrated organic farming systems thereby enhancing farmer's net income per unit of land.
• To protect environment from hazardous inorganic chemicals by adoption of eco-friendly low-cost traditional techniques and farmer friendly technologies.
• To empower farmers through their own institutional development in the form of clusters and group with capacity to manage production, processing, value addition and certification management.
• To make farmers entrepreneurs through direct market linkages with local and national markets.
• “Paramparagat Krishi Vikas Yojana” is an elaborated component of Soil Health Management (SHM) under National Mission of Sustainable Agriculture (NMSA).
• Cluster Approach: 20 or more farmers form a cluster having 20ha or 50 acre land to take organic farming farmers will be eligible for an assistance of Rs 50000 per hectare for a three-year period for adopting the traditional methods of cultivation and standard organic farming practices like zero budget natural farming and permaculture.
• At least 30% of the budget allocations need to be earmarked for women beneficiaries/ farmers.
• Components -

o Participatory Guarantee System (PGS) certification through cluster approach - mobilization of farmers, form clusters, identification of land resources and training on organic farming and PGS Certification and quality control.
o Adoption of organic village for manure management and biological nitrogen harvesting through cluster approach –action plan for Organic Farming, Integrated Manure Management, Packing, Labelling and Branding of organic products of cluster.
Other recent developments in the scheme: Guidelines have been revised in October 2018.

• The National Advisory Committe (NAC) under Chairmanship of Secretary (A&C) constituted under NMSA will be the policy-formulating body giving overall direction and guidance to the Mission and monitor and review its progress and performance.
• National Centre of Organic Farming (NCOF): NCOF being the secretariat for PGS-India programme shall be the monitoring body for PGS certification programme including authorization of RCs, selection of NABL accredited labs and random surveillance through the RCOFs.
• JAIVIK KHETI PORTAL: A dedicated portal for organic farming acting as both a knowledge platform as well as marketing platform will be developed.
• Convergence with other Central Sector Schemes like MIDH, NFSM and with schemes of other ministries like MOFPI, SMES, MoRD etc. for relevant components is highly encouraged.

Mission Organic Value Chain Development in North East region (MOVCDNER)

• It is Central Sector scheme. Like PKVY, it also aims at promotion of cluster/ Farmers Producer Organization (FPO) based chemical free, low input cost, sustainable organic farming and support farmers from input procurement to market linkages.
• Organic farming of niche crops of North East Region for exports is also being supported under MOVCDNER, where in FPOs are supported for organic inputs, post-harvest management practices including infrastructure creation, marketing in a value chain mode.

1.5.3.2. PARTICIPATORY GUARANTEE SCHEME (PGS)

• To promote domestic organic market growth and also to enable S&M farmers to have easy access to organic certification, a decentralized organic farming certification system called PGS-India is being implemented by Department of Agriculture and Cooperation.
It is outside the framework of third-party system of certification (which is a pre-requisite to enter export market of organic produce) and it is a group-certification system including farmers, traders and consumers (hence the name) and it is supported by PKVY scheme.
• PGS ensures that their production takes place in accordance with laid-down quality standards. It is not applicable for off-farm activities like transport, storage etc.
• The certification is in the form of a documented logo or a statement.
Food Safety and Standards (Organic Food) Regulations, 2017 requires Organic food to comply with the requirements of labelling of FSSAI in addition to that of NPOP or PGS-India in order to sell organic produce to end consumers. However, those small organic producers whose annual turnover is below 12 lakhs have been exempted but they cannot use Jaivik Bharat Logo.
Related information:

• Jaivik Bharat Logo: to distinguish organic products from inorganic.
• National Programme for Organic Production (NPOP): It is implemented by Agricultural and Processed Food Products Export Development Authority (APEDA), Ministry of Commerce and Industry. It focuses on the accreditation programme for Certification Bodies, standards for organic production, promotion of organic farming etc in order to boost such exports from India. It grants organic farming certification through a process of third party certification.

1.5.4. INTEGRATED SCHEME FOR AGRICULTURAL MARKETING

• To promote creation of agricultural marketing infrastructure by providing backend subsidy support to State, cooperative and private sector investments.
• To promote Integrated Value Chains (confined up to the stage of primary processing only) to provide vertical integration of farmers with primary processors.
• To use ICT as a vehicle of extension to sensitize and orient farmers to respond to new challenges in agricultural marketing
• The ISAM will have the following five components

o Agricultural Marketing Infrastructure (AMI) [the existing schemes of Grameen Bhandaran Yojana (GBY) and Development/ Strengthening of Agricultural Marketing Infrastructure, Grading and Standardization (AMIGS) will be merged as AMI]
o Marketing Research and Information Network (MRIN)
o Strengthening of Agmark Grading Facilities (SAGF),
o Agri-Business Development (ABD) through Venture Capital Assistance (VCA) and Project Development Facility (PDF)
o Choudhary Charan Singh National Institute of Agriculture Marketing (NIAM).

1.5.5. NATIONAL MISSION ON AGRICULTURAL EXTENSION AND TECHNOLOGY

This Centrally Sponsored Scheme was introduced under the umbrella of Agriculture Technology Management Agency (ATMA).
• It envisages strengthening the extension machinery through 4 sub-schemes:

o Sub Mission on Agricultural Extension (SMAE)
o Sub Mission on Seed and Planting Material (SMSP)
o Sub Mission on Agricultural Mechanization (SMAM)
o Sub Mission on Plant Protection and Plant Quarantine (SMPP)

Sub-Mission on Agricultural Mechanisation

• It aims to promote agricultural mechanization among small and marginal farmers and in the areas where the level of mechanization and availability of power is very low.
• Mission Components-

o Promotion and Strengthening of Agricultural Mechanization through training, testing and demonstration
o Demonstration, training and distribution of Post-Harvest Technology and Management (PHTM)
o Financial Assistance for Procurement of Agriculture Machinery and Equipment
o Establish Farm Machinery Bank for Custom Hiring
o Promotion of Farm Mechanization and Equipment in North-Eastern Region.

1.5.6. PROMOTION OF AGRICULTURAL MECHANIZATION FOR IN-SITU MANAGEMENT OF CROP RESIDUE

Protecting environment from air pollution and preventing loss of nutrients and soil micro- organisms caused by burning of crop residue;
Promoting in-situ management of crop residue by retention and incorporation into the soil through the use of appropriate mechanization inputs;
Promoting Farm Machinery Banks for custom hiring of in- situ crop residue management machinery to offset the adverse economies of scale arising due to small landholding and high cost of individual ownership.
Creating awareness among stakeholders through demonstration, capacity building activities and differentiated Information, Education and Communication strategies for effective utilization and management of crop residue.
It is a Central Sector Scheme applicable in states of Punjab, Haryana, Uttar Pradesh and NCT of Delhi.
Under the scheme, financial assistance @50% of the cost is provided to the farmers for purchase of in-situ crop residue management machines on individual ownership basis.
The financial assistance for establishment of Custom Hiring Centres of in-situ crop residue management machinery is @ 80% of the project cost.
It also encourages undertaking Information, Education and Communication (IEC) activities for creating awareness among farmers.
Within one year of its implementation utilizing an amount of Rs. 500 crore, the happy seeder/zero tillage technology was adopted in 8 lakh hectares of land in the North- Western States of India.
• During 2019-20, 32,808 machineries have been distributed and 8662 Custom Hiring Centres have been established.

1.6. RASHTRIYA KRISHI VIKAS YOJANA – RAFTAAR (RKVY-RAFTAAR)

• To strengthen the farmers‟ efforts through creation of required pre and postharvest agri-infrastructure that increases access to quality inputs, storage, market facilities etc. and enables farmers to make informed choices.
• To provide autonomy, flexibility to States to plan and execute schemes as per local/ farmers’ needs
• To promote value chain addition linked production models that will help farmers increase their income as well as encourage productivity
• To mitigate risk of farmers with focus on additional income generation activities - like integrated
• RKVY, initiated in 2007 as an umbrella scheme for holistic development of agriculture and allied sectors, has been recently revamped as RKVY-RAFTAAR – Remunerative Approaches for Agriculture and Allied sector Rejuvenation for 2017-19 and 2019-20. Its tenure has been increased to 31st March 2021.
• It provided states with considerable flexibility and autonomy for planning and executing programs.
• Decentralised planning for agriculture and allied sectors is initiated by the states through District Agriculture Plan and State Agriculture Plan based on agro-climatic conditions, availability of appropriate technology and natural priorities.
• State Agriculture Departments act as Nodal Implementing Agency
• It will incentivize states to increase allocations for agriculture and allied sectors and help in creation of post-harvest infrastructure and promotion of private investment in the farm sector across the country.
• Fund Allocation - 60:40 grants between Centre and States in states and 90:10 for North Eastern States and Himalayan States. Fund breakup:

o Regular RKVY-RAFTAAR (Infrastructure & Assets and Production Growth)- 70% of annual outlay to be allocated to states as grants (out of this, 20% are flexi-funds)
o RKVY-RAFTAAR special sub-schemes of National Priorities- 20%
o Innovation and agri-entrepreneur development- 10% (In case the funds not utilized, it will be diverted to regular RKVY & sub-schemes)

• For UTs the grant is 100% as Central share.

Sub-schemes include

o Bringing Green Revolution to Eastern India
o Crop Diversification Program (CDP)– It is being implemented in the Original Green Revolution States of Punjab, Haryana and Western Uttar Pradesh to diversify area from water-guzzling crop
o Reclamation of Problem Soil (RPS)
o Foot & Mouth Disease – Control Program (FMD-CP)
o Saffron Mission
o Accelerated Fodder Development Programme (AFDP)- farmers/ FPOs/ Cooperatives in the drought affected districts/blocks are provided financial assistance of Rs. 3200/ha (upto a maximum area of two ha) for taking up additional production of fodder.

1.6.1. BRINGING GREEN REVOLUTION TO EASTERN INDIA (BGREI)

• To increase production and productivity of rice and wheat by adopting latest crop production technologies
• To promote cultivation in rice fallow area to increase cropping intensity & income of the farmers.
• To create water harvesting structures and efficient utilization of water potential
• To promote post-harvest technology and marketing support
• The program was launched in 2010-11 to address constraints limiting the productivity of “rice based cropping system” in eastern India comprising seven states – Assam, Bihar, Chattisgarh, Jharkhand, Orissa, Eastern Uttar Pradesh (Purvanchal) and West Bengal.

• Various initiatives under the scheme are –

o Block or cluster development of improved production technology
o Asset building activities for farm improvement
o Site specific activities for farm renovation
o Seed production and distribution
o Marketing support and post-harvest management

1.7. SOIL HEALTH CARD SCHEME

• To issue soil health cards every 2 years, to all farmers, so as to provide a basis to address nutrient deficiencies in fertilization practices.
• To develop and strengthen the functioning of Soil Testing Laboratories (STLs) through capacity building, involvement of agriculture students and effective linkage with Indian Council of Agricultural Research (ICAR) / State Agricultural Universities (SAUs).
• To build capacities of district and state level staff and of progressive farmers for promotion of nutrient management practices and balanced use of fertilizers
• Ensure additional income to farmers and increasing yields and promoting sustainable farming.
• It is a centrally sponsored scheme launched in 2015.
• Soil Health Card is issued to farmers which carries crop-wise recommendations of nutrients and fertilizers required for the individual farms. Farmers can also get recommendations for additional crops on demand.
• The experts analyse the strengths and weaknesses of the soil collected from farms and suggest measures to deal with it.
• It will contain the status of his soil with respect to 12 parameters, namely N, P, K (Macro-nutrients); S (Secondary- nutrient); Zn, Fe, Cu, Mn, Bo (Micro - nutrients); and pH, EC, OC (Physical parameters).
• Based on this, SHC provides two sets of fertilizer recommendations for six crops (three for kharif and three for rabi) including recommendations of organic manures.
• Farmers can also track soil samples on the SHC Portal.
• Under the scheme, village youth and farmers up to 40 years of age are eligible to set up Soil Health Laboratories and undertake testing.
• Assistance is provided to farmers:

o Rs. 2500/ha for distribution of micronutrients
o For setting up of mini soil testing labs

• Recently a pilot project ‘Development of Model Villages’ has been taken up where soil samples collection has been taken up at individual farm holding with farmer’s participation instead of sample collection at grids.

1.8. NATIONAL AGRICULTURAL MARKET (NAM)

• To promote genuine price discovery
• It is a Central Sector scheme with funding coming from Agri-Tech Infrastructure Fund (AITF).
• Increases farmers’ options for sale and access to markets
• Liberal licensing of traders / buyers and commission agents. One license for a trader valid across all markets in the State.
• Harmonisation of quality standards of agricultural produce
• Single point levy of market fees, i.e. on the first wholesale purchase from the farmer.
• To promote stable prices and availability of quality produce to consumers.
• Provision of Soil Testing Laboratories in/or near the selected mandi
• NAM is a pan-India electronic trading portal which seeks to network the existing APMCs and other market yards to create a unified national market for agricultural commodities.
• Small Farmers Agribusiness Consortium (SFAC) has been selected as the lead agency to implement it.
• Central government will provide the software free of cost to the states and in addition, a one-time grant of up to Rs. 30 lakhs per market will be given for related equipment and infrastructure requirements.
• 585 wholesale regulated markets/ APMC Markets have been so far integrated with e-NAM platform in 16 States and 2 Union Territories (UTs).
• For the local trader in the mandi / market, NAM offers the opportunity to access a larger national market for secondary trading.
• Bulk buyers, processors, exporters etc. benefit from being able to participate directly in trading at the local mandi / market level, thereby reducing their intermediation costs.
• Recently, the first inter-State trade on e-Nam between Andhra Pradesh and Telangana has been carried out.
• FPOs have also been on-boarded on e-NAM portal and they have started uploading their produce for trading from their premise. Also, 23 Warehouses of CWC located in AP have been declared as Deemed Market under Agriculture Produce and Livestock Marketing (APLM) Act which will facilitate trading through these warehouses on e-NAM portal.

1.9. PRADHAN MANTRI ANNADATA AAY SANRAKSHAN ABHIYAN (PM-AASHA)

It has three components complementing the existing schemes of the Department of Food and Public Distribution for procurement of paddy, wheat and other cereals and coarse grains where procurement takes place at MSP:

• Price Support Scheme (PSS): Under this, physical procurement of pulses, oilseeds and copra will be done by Central Nodal Agencies. Besides National Agricultural Cooperative Marketing Federation of India Ltd (NAFED), FCI will also take up procurement of crops under PSS. The expenditure and losses due to procurement would be borne by the Centre.
• Price Deficiency Payment Scheme (PDPS): This will cover all oilseeds for which MSP is notified and Centre will pay the difference between the MSP and actual selling/ model price to the farmer directly into his bank account. Farmers who sell their crops in recognized mandis within the notified period can benefit from it.
• Pilot of Private Procurement and Stockiest Scheme (PPSS): In the case of oilseeds, the States will have the option to roll out PPSS in select districts where a private player can procure crops at MSP when market prices drop below MSP. The private player will then be compensated through a service charge up to a maximum of 15% of the MSP of the crop.

1.10. PRADHAN MANTRI KRISHI SINCHAYEE YOJANA

• To achieve convergence of investments in irrigation at the field level,
• To enhance recharge of aquifers and introduce sustainable water conservation practices.
• To explore the feasibility of reusing treated municipal waste water for periurban agriculture
• To attract greater private investments in irrigation
• Decentralized State level planning and projectised execution' structure, in order to allow States to draw up a District Irrigation Plan (DIP) and a State Irrigation Plan (SIP). Investments will happen at farm level.
Accelerated Irrigation Benefit Programme Programme (AIBP)

Ministry of Water Resources, River Development & Ganga Rejuvenation
Faster completion of ongoing Major and Medium Irrigation including National Projects

PMKSY (Har Khet ko Pani)

Ministry of Water Resources, River Development & Ganga Rejuvenation
Creation of new water sources through Minor Irrigation (both surface and ground water)
Repair, restoration and renovation of water bodies;
Strengthening carryingcapacity of traditional watersources, construction of rainwater harvesting structures Tanka, Baolis, (Jal Sanchay ); Jal Mandir (Gujarat); Khatri, Kuhl (H.P.); Zabo (Nagaland); Eri, Ooranis (T.N.); Dongs (Assam); Katas, Bandhas (Odisha and M.P.)
Command area development

PMKSY (Per Drop More Crop)

Ministry of Agriculture

- Promoting efficient water conveyance and precision water application devices like drips, sprinklers, pivots, rain guns in the farm (Jal Sinchan)
- Extension activities for promotion of scientific moisture conservation, Crop combination, crop alignment etc.,
- (ICT) interventions through NeGP precision irrigation technologies, on farm water management, crop alignment etc. and also to do intensive
PMKSY (Watershed Development)Development)

Department of Land resources, Ministry of Rural development
Effective management of runoff water and improved soil & moisture conservation activities
Converging with MGNREGS
DPAP, DDP and IWDP were consolidated under this component
Cluster Approach in selection and preparation of projects
Read more on Neeranchal National Watershed Project under Ministry of Rural Development

• It will be supervised and monitored by Inter-Ministerial National Steering Committee (NSC) under PM with Union Ministers of all concerned Ministries. A National Executive Committee (NEC) is to be constituted under the Chairmanship of the Vice Chairman, NITI Aayog to oversee programme implementation.
• PMKSY has been formulated amalgamating ongoing schemes viz. Accelerated Irrigation Benefit Programme (AIBP); Integrated Watershed Management Programme (IWMP); and On Farm Water Management (OFWM) component of National Mission on Sustainable Agriculture (NMSA).
• Water budgeting is done for all sectors namely, household, agriculture and industries.
• To promote extension activities relating to water harvesting, water management and crop alignment for farmers and grass root level field functionaries
• Long Term Irrigation Fund has been instituted under PMKSY in NABARD for funding and fast tracking the implementation of incomplete major and medium irrigation projects.
• A dedicated Micro Irrigation Fund (MIF) with National Bank for Agriculture and Rural Development (NABARD) under PMKSY has been set up to provide states financial assistance on concessional rate of interest.

1.11. YUVA SAHAKAR-COOPERATIVE ENTERPRISE SUPPORT AND INNOVATION SCHEME

To cater to the needs and aspirations of the youth, NCDC has come up with this youth-friendly scheme for attracting them to cooperative business ventures. It would encourage cooperatives to venture into new and innovative areas
• Launched by: National Cooperative Development Corporation (NCDC)
• CSIF fund: The scheme will be linked to a ‘Cooperative Start-up and Innovation Fund (CSIF)’ created by the NCDC with an annual outlay of Rs 100 crore and it has special incentive for cooperatives of North Eastern region, Aspirational Districts and cooperatives with women/SC/ST/PwD members.
• Funding: The funding for the project will be up to 80% of the project cost for the special categories as against 70% for others. The scheme envisages 2% less than the applicable rate of interest on term loan for the project cost up to Rs 3 crore including 2 years moratorium on payment of principal.
• Eligibility: All types of cooperatives in operation for at least one year and having positive net-worth are eligible.
About NCDC

• It is the sole statutory organisation (under Ministry of Agriculture & Farmers Welfare) functioning as an apex financial and developmental institution exclusively devoted to cooperative sector.
• It strengthens and promotes programmes across sectors relating to agriculture and allied fields like dairy, poultry, livestock, fisheries, cotton ginning and spinning, sugar and notified services like hospitality, transport, rural housing, hospitals/health core etc.

1.12. KISAN CREDIT CARD (KCC)

To provide adequate and timely credit support from the banking system
• All farmers-individuals/Joint borrowers who are owner cultivators.
• Tenant farmers, Oral lessees and Share Croppers etc.
• SHGs or Joint Liability Groups of farmers including tenant farmers, share croppers etc.
• The loan disbursed under KCC is broad based and may be used as working capital and for short term credit requirements for cultivation of crops, post-harvest expenses, produce marketing loan, consumption requirement of farmer household etc.
• The loans disbursed under KCC Scheme for notified crops are covered under Crop Insurance Scheme.
• It also provides facility of ATM enabled RuPay Card, one-time documentation, and any number of withdrawals within the limit.
• Scheme covers risk of KCC holders against death or permanent disability resulting from accidents caused by external, violent and visible means.
• Also, the government has taken several initiatives for KCC saturation which include adding farmers engaged in animal husbandry and fisheries, no processing fee of loan under KCC and raising limit of collateral free agriculture loan from ₹ 1 lakh to ₹1.6 lakh.

1.13. STRENGTHENING & MODERNIZATION OF PEST MANAGEMENT APPROACH IN INDIA (SMPMA)

• Maximize crop production with minimum input costs.
• Minimize environmental pollution in soil, water and air due to pesticides.
• Minimize occupational health hazards due to chemical pesticides.
• It is a central sector scheme launched with following components-

o Integrated Pest Management (IPM) – It is environment friendly broad ecological approach for managing pest problems.
o Locust Control and Research – under this locust warning organizations have been established to monitor, forewarn and control locust in Scheduled Desert Area (of Rajasthan, Gujarat and Haryana) and to conduct research on locust and grasshoppers.
o Implementation of Insecticides Act, 1968 – It regulates the import, manufacture, sale, transport, distribution and use of insecticides with a view to prevent risk to human beings, animals and environment.

• Implementing Agency - 35 Central Integrated Pest Management Centres (CIPMCs)

1.14. NATIONAL INNOVATIONS ON CLIMATE RESILIENT AGRICULTURE (NICRA)

• To enhance the resilience of Indian agriculture covering crops, livestock and fisheries to climatic variability and climate change through development and application of improved production and risk management technologies
• To demonstrate site specific technology packages on farmers’ fields for adapting to current climate risks
• To enhance the capacity building of scientists and other stakeholders in climate resilient agricultural research and its application
• It is a network of projects of the Indian Council of Agricultural Research (ICAR).
• It takes into account the critical assessment of different crops/zones in the country for vulnerability of rainfall.
• It undertakes installation of state-of art equipment like flux towers for measurement of greenhouse gases in large field areas.
• It undertakes comprehensive field evaluation of new and emerging approaches of paddy cultivation.
• The project consists of four components viz. Strategic Research, Technology Demonstration, Capacity Building and Sponsored/ Competitive Grants.

1.15. INTEREST SUBVENTION SCHEME

To make available agricultural credit for Short Term crop loans at an affordable rate to give a boost to agricultural productivity and production in the country.
• It provides concession of 2% per annum for short-term crop loans to farmers, upto Rs. 3 lakh at 7% rate of interest.
• An additional interest subvention of 3 per cent per annum is available to the “prompt payee farmers.
• The benefit of interest subvention is extended for a period of up to six months (post-harvest) to small and marginal farmers having KCC on loan against negotiable warehouse receipts with the purpose of preventing distress sale of produce.
• Interest subvention will be available to Public Sector Bank, Private Sector Bank and to NABARD for providing concessional refinance to Regional Rural Banks and Cooperative Banks.
• The Scheme is provided for four segments namely;

o Interest subvention for short term crop loans.
o Interest subvention for post-harvest loans.
o Interest subvention under Deendayal Antyodaya Yojana - National Rural Livelihoods Mission (DAY-NRLM).
o Interest subvention for relief to farmers affected by natural calamities.

1.16. ARYA PROJECT

• To attract and empower the Youth in Rural Areas to take up various Agriculture, allied and service sector enterprises for sustainable income and gainful employment in selected districts.
• To enable the Farm Youth to establish network groups to take up resource and capital intensive activities like processing, value addition and marketing.
• The GOI launched ARYA – “Attracting and Retaining Youth in Agriculture” in 2015.
• It is implemented through Krishi Vigyan Kendra in one district from each State. KVKs will involve the Agricultural Universities and ICAR Institutes as Technology Partners.
• In one district, 200-300 Rural youths will be identified for their skill development in entrepreneurial activities and establishment of related micro-enterprise units.
• At KVKs also one or two enterprise units will be established so that they serve as entrepreneurial training units for farmers.

1.17. KRISHI VIGYAN KENDRAS (KVK)

• To be a frontline extension in agriculture, and to serve as a single window mechanism for addressing the technology needs of farmers
• To demonstrate location specific technologies and build capacity of farmers.
• Indian Council of Agricultural Research (ICAR) has created a network of 669 Krishi Vigyan Kendras (KVKs) in the country and more KVKs will be established.
• KVKs lay strong emphasis on skill development training of rural youth, farm women and farmers
• Provide latest technological inputs like seeds, planting materials and bio-products.
• Advise farmers on timely crop/enterprise related recommendations, including climate resilient technologies.
• Diagnose and solve problems emerging from district agro-ecosystems and lead in adoption of innovations.
• It is an integral part of the National Agricultural Research System (NARS).
• The KVK scheme is 100% financed by Govt. of India and the KVKs are sanctioned to Agricultural Universities, ICAR institutes, related Government Departments and NGOs working in Agriculture.

1.18. NATIONAL AGRICULTURAL HIGHER EDUCATION PROJECT (NAHEP)

• Accentuate the relevance and quality of higher agricultural education in selected AUs
• Student and faculty development
• Improve learning outcomes, employability and entrepreneurship; and
• Enhancing institutional and system management effectiveness
• Funding: It will be funded by the World Bank and the Indian Government on a 50:50 basis.
Components

• Institutional Development Plans (IDPs): NAHEP would provide Institutional Development Grants to selected participating AUs, which seek to improve learning outcomes and future employment for AU students and faculty teaching performance and research effectiveness.
• Centre of Advanced Agricultural science & Technology (CAAST): CAAST Grants will be provided to selected participating AUs to establish multidisciplinary centers for teaching, research and extension on critical and emerging agricultural topics.
• Innovation Grants to selected participating AUs to make AUs reform ready (i.e., attain accreditation); and promote mentoring of non-accredited AUs by existing reform-ready AUs and other interstate and international academic partnerships.
• Results Monitoring and Evaluation: The Education Division/ ICAR would establish a Monitoring and Evaluation (M&E) Cell to oversee the progress of activities across all NAHEP components.

1.19. OTHER INITIATIVES
Accelerated Pulses Production Program

• It aims to demonstrate plant nutrients and plant protection centric improved technologies and management practices in compact units of 1000 hectares each for five major pulse crops viz. Bengal gram, Black gram (Urdbean), Red gram (Arhar), Green gram (Moongbean), and Lentil (Masur)
• It is 100 % funding by Union Ministry of Agriculture and implemented under the NFSM-Pulses.
• It has been conceptualised to take up the active propagation of key technologies such as Integrated Nutrient Management (INM) and Integrated Pest Management (IPM).
• Department of Agriculture Cooperation and farmer welfare is implementing this programme through i) Commissioners/Directors of Agriculture of pulse producing states, and ii) Central Government Institutes: NCIPM of ICAR.

Agri-Market Infrastructure Fund

• Union cabinet has recently approved creation of a Rs, 2,000 crore Agri- Market Infrastructure Fund (AMIF) for development and upgradation of rural agriculture markets.
• It will be created with NABARD and will provide the state/ UT governments subsidized loans for their proposal for developing marketing infrastructure in 585 Agriculture Produce Market Committees (APMCs) and 10,000 villages.
• States can access AMIF for innovative integrated market infrastructure projects, including through public private partnerships.

Gramin Retail Agriculture Markets (GrAMs)

• GrAMs have been launched in the Budget 2017-18 under the Agri Market Development Fund to develop the retail market in the agriculture marketing sector.
• Under this initiative 22,000 rural haats and 585 APMC would be developed and upgraded into GrAMs.
• In these GrAMs physical infrastructure will be strengthened using MGNREGA and other government schemes.
• They will also be electronically linked to e-NAM and exempted from APMC regulations.
• They will provide farmers facility to make direct sale to consumers and bulk purchasers.

Agricultural Market Information Network (AGMARKNET) portal

• It is a G2C e-governance portal that caters to the needs of various stakeholders such as farmers, industry, policy makers and academic institutions by providing agricultural marketing related information from a single window.
• It facilitates web- based information flow, of the daily arrivals and prices of commodities in the agricultural produce markets spread across the country

E-Krishi Samvad

• It is an online interface through which farmers and other stakeholders can directly approach ICAR (Indian Council of Agricultural Research) with their problems for effective solutions.
• Stakeholders can also upload photographs of crop diseases, animals or fishes for diagnostics and remedial measures instantly from the specialists.
• Appropriate solutions from specialists will be provided via SMS or through web.

E-Rakam Portal

• It is joint initiative of MSTC Ltd. (a Mini Ratna PSU under the administrative control of the Ministry of Steel) and Central Railside Warehousing Company.
• It is an auction platform to help farmers get reasonable price for the produce and not fall prey to middlemen as well as save them the effort to carting the produce to the mandi.
• The farmers will be paid directly into their bank accounts.

Farmer First Initiative

• The focus is on farmer’s Farm, Innovations, Resources, Science and Technology (FIRST).
• It is an ICAR initiative with focus on:

o Enriching Farmer – Scientist interface
o Technology assemblage, application and feedback
o Partnership and institutional building
o Content mobilization

• It will also identify and integrate economically viable and socially acceptable entrepreneurial activities as models of enhanced earnings to the farmers in different agro-ecological situations

Hortinet – Farmer Connect App

• It is an integrated traceability system developed by Agricultural and Processed Food Products Export Development Authority (APEDA) for providing Internet based electronic services for facilitating farm registration, testing and certification of Grape, Pomegranate and Vegetables for export from India to the European Union in compliance with standards.
• It will also assist State Horticulture/ Agriculture Department to capture real time details of farmers, farm location, products and details of inspections directly from the farm.

Zero Hunger Program

• The program aims to address the intergenerational and multifaceted malnutrition through sectoral coordination.
• It will act as a model of integrated approach to deal with hunger and malnutrition.

Meghdoot app

• Ministries of Earth Sciences and Agriculture have launched a mobile application that will provide location, and crop and livestock-specific weather-based agro advisories to farmers in local languages.
• Developed by the India Meteorological Department, Indian Institute of Tropical Meteorology and Indian Council of Agricultural Research.
• Ministries will provide forecast to farmers relating to temperature, rainfall, humidity, and wind speed and direction, which play critical roles in agricultural operations
• The information is not based on real time but would be updated twice a week on Tuesdays and Fridays.

AGRI UDAAN

• It aims to scale-up Food & Agribusiness start-ups through rigorous mentoring & training of rural youth, industry networking and Investor pitching.
• It is considered as India's 1st Food & Agribusiness accelerator and was announced by ICAR-NAARM and IIM-A’s incubator centres.

MERA GAON-MERA GAURAV

• This scheme involves scientists of the Indian Council of Agriculture Research (ICAR) and state agricultural universities.
• Under this scheme, each group of 4 multidisciplinary scientists constituted at these institutes and universities will select 5 villages within a radius of maximum 100 km and will remain in touch with the selected villages and provide information to the farmers on technical and other related aspects in a time frame.

Unified Package Insurance Scheme

• It aims to provide insurance based financial protection to citizens associated in agriculture sector and will provide yield-based crop insurance to the farmers based on his ownership rights of the land and sown crop.
• It includes: crop insurance (PMFBY/WBCIS), Personal Accident Insurance, Life Insurance as per Pradhan Mantri Jeevan Jyoti Bima Yojana (PMJJBY), Student Safety Insurance (covers accidental death or disability of students as well as death of father or mother), insurance of personal and work assets.
• The scheme will be a one-year cover, renewable from year to year.

Pandit Deen Dayal Upadhyay Unnat Krishi Shiksha Yojana

• Objective: to provide professional support in the field of Organic Farming/ Natural Farming/ Rural Economy/ Sustainable Agriculture and build skilled Human Resource at village level in these areas.
• This scheme, being implemented by ICAR, was launched in 2016.
• It is being run under Unnat Bharat Abhiyan activities of Ministry of Agriculture and Family Welfare.
• 100 farmers training centers across the country have been identified on the basis of knowledge, skill, ability and experiences related to Organic Farming, Natural Farming and Cow based Economy and having facilities to conduct training programmes for farmers.

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