MINISTRY OF JAL SHAKTI

• 14.1. SWACHHA BHARAT MISSION (GRAMIN) [SBM (G)]
• • Bring about an improvement in the general quality of life in the rural areas, by promoting cleanliness, hygiene and eliminating open defecation
• • Accelerate sanitation coverage in rural areas to achieve the vision of Swachh Bharat by 2nd October 2019
• • Motivate communities and Panchayati Raj Institutions to adopt sustainable sanitation practices and facilities through awareness creation and health education
• • Encourage cost effective and appropriate technologies for ecologically safe and sustainable sanitation
• • Develop, wherever required, community managed sanitation systems focusing on scientific Solid & Liquid Waste Management systems for overall cleanliness in the rural areas
• • Create significant positive impact on gender and promote social inclusion by improving sanitation especially in marginalized communities
• • The Strategy is to move towards a ‘Swachh Bharat’ by making it a massive mass movement.
• • For purposes of effective planning and implementation of SBM(G), it is proposed that ‘district’ be considered the base unit of intervention
• • Implementation Framework of each State be prepared with a road map of activities covering the three important phases necessary for the Programme:
• o Planning – A project proposal shall be prepared by the District, incorporating Gram Panchayat-wise details and scrutinized, and consolidated by the State Government into a State Plan.
• o Implementation – This includes advocacy and communication, financing and toilet construction. Setting up Rapid Action Learning Unit (RALU)
• o Sustainability – This includes sustaining ODF communities and verification.
• • A five-tier implementation mechanism should be set up at the National/ State/ District/ Block/ Village level
• • Corporate houses should be encouraged to participate as an essential part of the Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR).
• • Start-up activities – This includes updating baselines surveys, orientation of key personnel and preparation of plans.
• • IEC (Information, Education and Communication) Component: Focus of SBM-G is on Behaviour Change Communication (BCC). It is not a 'stand-alone' separate activity, community action and generation of peer pressure on the outliers is key to it.
• • Capacity Building
• • Construction of Individual Household Latrines - While selecting eligible households for providing incentive under SBM(G), order of preference shall be – BPL followed by SC/SC APL households
• • Availability of Sanitation Material - through Rural Sanitary Marts (RSM), Production Centers (PC), Self Help Groups (SHG) and Community Sanitary Complex (CSC).
• • Provision of Revolving Fund at the District - can also be accessed by APL households not covered by incentives under the guidelines.
• • Equity and inclusion – This also includes raise awareness and skills on Menstrual Hygiene Management (MHM), specifically amongst adolescent girls in schools.
• • Solid and Liquid Resource Management
• • Administrative Charges - States shall be permitted to utilize funds under this component as per requirement
• • The monitoring also uses a robust community led system, like Social Audit. Community-based monitoring and vigilance committees will help in creating peer pressure.
• • Foot soldiers of Swachh Bharat: An army of ‘foot soldiers’ or ‘Swachhagrahis’, earlier known as ‘Swachhata Doots’ is developed.
• Swachh Swastha Sarvatra
• • A joint initiative of Ministry of Health and Family Welfare and Ministry of Jal Shakti to achieve better health outcomes through improved sanitation and increased awareness and healthy lifestyles. The three key components of Swachh Swasth Sarvatra are:
• o Community Health Centres (CHCs) in ODF blocks will be supported to achieve Kayakalp certification (a certificate for high standard of sanitation and hygiene).
• o Gram Panchayat of Kayakalp Primary Health Centres (PHCs) prioritized to become ODF
• o Training in WASH (Water, Sanitation and Hygiene) of CHC/PHC nominees
• • The MDWS will undertake ODF activities in the Gram Panchayat of Kayakalp award winning PHCs and will provide WASH training to a nominee of those CHCs and PHCs.
• Swachh Iconic Places (SIP)
• • This initiative is in partnership with concerned state and local governments and 3 Central Ministries of Housing and Urban Affairs, M/o Tourism and M/o Culture with MJS being the nodal ministry. 100 places across India have been identified as “iconic” due to their heritage, religious and/or cultural significance. The SIP initiative is to improve the cleanliness conditions at these places to a distinctly higher level. So far in first two phases, 20 iconic places have been taken up. All these 20 Iconic Sites have designated PSUs or corporates for financial and technical support. Sri Meenakshi Sundareswarar Temple in Madurai has been adjudged the cleanest iconic place in the country.
• • Ten new iconic sites, namely, RaghavendraSwamy Temple (Kurnool, Andhra Pradesh); Hazardwari Palace (Murshidabad, West Bengal); Shri Sarveshwar Mahadev Temple/Brahma Sarovar Temple (Kurukshetra, Haryana); VidurKuti (Bijnor, Uttar Pradesh); Mana village (Chamoli, Uttarakhand); Pangong Lake (Leh-Ladakh, J&K); Nagvasuki Temple (Allahabad, Uttar Pradesh); ImaKeithal/market (Imphal, Manipur); Sree Dharma Sastha Temple/Sabarimala Temple (Kerala); and Kanvashram (Uttarakhand) have been taken up under Phase III.
• Rashtriya Swachhta Kendra (RSK)
• It was announced on centenary of Champaran Satyagraha i.e. 10 April, 2017. It will be located opposite to Mahatma Gandhi's Samadhi at Rajghat. RSK is planned to disseminate all information on sanitation matters and advanced toilet technology among people.
• Darwaza Band Media Campaign
• • This is an aggressive mass media campaign by MDWS aiming at Behavior Change. The 'Darwaza Band' campaign has been supported by the World Bank. It is designed to encourage behaviour change in men who have toilets but are not using them.
• • Recently, the Swachh Bharat Mission(G) launched the 'Darwaza Band -Part 2' campaign which focuses on sustaining the open defecation free status of villages across the country.
• Swachhta hi Sewa Campaign
• It is a fortnight-long sanitation campaign to highlight the cleanliness initiative, Swachh Bharat Mission. Its objective is to mobilise people and reinforce jan aandolan (mass movement) for sanitation. There will be targeted cleaning of public and tourist places under this campaign.
• GOBAR Dhan scheme
• • MDWS launched the Galvanising Organic Bio-Agro Resource dhan or “GOBARdhan” scheme on 30th April 2018, at Karnal, Haryana.
• • The scheme is aimed at keeping villages clean while increasing the income of farmers and cattle owners by promoting local entrepreneurs to convert cattle dung, and other organic resources, to biogas and organic manure.
• Solid Liquid Waste Management (SLWM) Dashboard, ODF-Plus Advisory and the ODF-Plus & Swachh Gram Darpan App
• • These are prepared by NIC and have been launched by the Ministry.
• • Aim is to foster healthy competition between States and districts undertaking ODF-plus activities.
• • The Swachh Gram Darpan app allows people to monitor how the programme is working at district and state levels. 

• 14.2. ATAL BHUJAL YOJNA
• • To improve ground water management in priority areas in the country through community participation.
• • To foster behavioural changes that promote conservation and efficient use of water.
• • It is a Central Sector Scheme to be implemented over a period of five years from 2020-21 to 2024-25, with World Bank assistance.
• • The priority areas identified under the scheme fall in the states of Gujarat, Haryana, Karnataka, Madhya Pradesh, Maharashtra, Rajasthan and Uttar Pradesh.
• o These States represent about 25% of the total number of over- exploited, critical and semi-critical blocks in terms of ground water in India.
• • They also cover two major types of groundwater systems found in India - alluvial and hard rock aquifers- and have varying degrees of institutional readiness and experience in groundwater management.
• • The scheme will also facilitate convergence of ongoing Government schemes in the states by incentivizing their focussed implementation in identified priority areas.
• • Funds under the scheme will be made available to the participating states as Grants.
• • Funds under the scheme will be provided to the states for strengthening the institutions responsible for ground water governance, as well as for encouraging community involvement for improving ground water management to foster behavioural changes that promote conservation and efficient use of water.
• 14.3. NAMAMI GANGE YOJANA
• • To clean and protect the Ganga river in a comprehensive manner.
• • Watershed management of Ganga river basin and reducing runoff and pollution
• • To develop the villages located along the main stem of river Ganga which have historic, cultural, and religious and/or tourist importance
• • River Front Management
• • Conservation of Aquatic life
• • Creating co-ordination between different ministries involved
• • Will cover 8 states/UTs, 47 towns & 12 rivers under the project.
• • Establishment of Clean Ganga Fund.
• • Under the aegis of National Mission for Clean Ganga (NMCG) & State Programme Management Groups (SPMGs) States and ULBs and PRIs will be involved in this project.
• • Setting river centric urban planning process to facilitate better citizen connects, through interventions at Ghats and River fronts.
• • Entry Level Activities: river surface cleaning to address the floating solid wastes; rural sanitation to arrest the pollution (solid & liquid) entering through rural sewage drains and construction of toilets
• • Medium Term Activities:
• o Expansion of coverage of sewerage infrastructure in 118 urban habitations on banks of Ganga.
• o Pollution will be checked through Treatment of waste water in drains by applying bio-remediation method, in-situ treatment, municipal sewage & effluent treatment plants
• o Managing the industrial pollution.
• o Biodiversity conservation, Afforestation, and water quality monitoring
• • Long Term Activities: determination of ecological-flow, increased water-use efficiency, and improved efficiency of surface irrigation.
• Recognizing the multi-sectoral, multi-dimensional and multi-stakeholder nature of the Ganga Rejuvenation challenge, the key Ministries comprising of (a) Jal Shakti, (b) Environment, Forests & Climate Change, (c) Shipping, (d) Tourism, (e) Urban Development and (f) Rural Development
• Ganga Gram Yojana was started in 2016 by MoWR to develop the villages located along the main stem of river Ganga which have historic, cultural, and religious and/or tourist importance under Namami Gange programme.
• Another Ganga Gram Project has been launched by the Ministry of Drinking Water and Sanitation in 2017 in collaboration with National Mission on Clean Ganga (NMCG).
• 14.4. JAL KRANTI ABHIYAN
• • Strengthening grass root involvement of all stakeholders including Panchayati Raj Institutions and local bodies in the water security.
• • Participatory Irrigation Management (PIM)
• • Encouraging the adoption/utilization of traditional knowledge in water resources conservation and its management;
• • Enhancing livelihood security through water security in rural areas.
• • The program involves use of modern technologies along with traditional wisdom for devising area/region specific innovative measures for increasing water security.
• • There are four important components of Jal Kranti Abhiyan
• o Jal Gram Yojana: two villages in every district, preferably facing acute water scarcity are being selected as “Jal Grams”
• ✓ From each Jal Grams, one elected representative of Panchayat and one representative of the Water Users Association are being identified as Jal Mitra/ Neer Nari and training is being imparted to them to create mass awareness.
• ✓ Expenditure on various works being taken in each Jal Gram will be met from existing schemes of Central/State Governments, such as PMKSY, MGNREGA, RRR of water bodies, AIBP etc.
• o Development of Model Command Area: a model command area of about 1000 hectare in a State shall be identified. It shall be selected by the ministry, in consultation with state governments, from an existing / ongoing irrigation project in the state where funds for development are available from various schemes.
• o Pollution Abatement and
• o Mass Awareness Programme.
• • A card known as Sujalam Card (with the logo “Water Saved, Water Produced) is being prepared for every Jal gram which would provide the yearly status/information on availability of water for the village from all sources.
• • Central Water Commission (CWC) and Central Ground Water Board (CGWB) are the nodal agencies for implementation.
• • States will be encouraged to form State Water Policy in accordance with National Water Policy, 2012.
• 14.5. NATIONAL HYDROLOGY PROJECT
• • To set up a system for timely and reliable water resources data acquisition, storage, collation and management.
• • to build capacity of the State and Central sector organisations in water resources management through the use of Information Systems and adoption of State-of-the-art technologies like Remote Sensing.
• • lead time in flood forecast from 1 day to atleast 3 days
• • It is a Central Sector Scheme (2016)
• • The project is supported by World Bank (50% loan)
• • The components of the project are:
• o In Situ Hydromet Monitoring System and Hydromet Data Acquisition System.
• o Setting up of National Water Informatics Centre (NWIC)- recently set up to maintain a comprehensive water resource data.
• o Water Resources Operation and Management System
• o Water Resources Institutions and Capacity Building
• • NHP will gather Hydro-meteorological data which will be stored and analysed and can be assessed by any user.
• • It will facilitate integrated water resource management by adopting river basin approach through collation and management of hydro-meteorological data. This will also help in water resource assessment.
• 14.6. DAM REHABILITATION AND IMPROVEMENT PROJECT (DRIP) 2.0
• • to improve the safety and operational performance of selected existing dams and associated appurtenances in a sustainable manner,
• • to strengthen the dam safety institutional setup of participating States/ Implementing Agencies (CWC).
• Seven states of India, namely Jharkhand, Karnataka, Kerala, Madhya Pradesh, Odisha, Tamil Nadu, and Uttarakhand.
• • It is an externally-aided project as 80% of the total project is provided by the World Bank as loan/credit and remaining 20% is borne by the States / Central Government in which repair and Rehabilitation of dams will be done.
• • The Emergency Action Plan (EAP) for the Dams has been proposed that identifies potential emergency conditions at a dam and prescribes the procedures to be followed to minimize loss of life and property damage.
• DHARMA (Dam Health And Rehabilitation Monitoring Application)
• DHARMA is a web tool to digitize all dam related data effectively. It will help to document authentic asset and health information pertaining to the large dams in the country, enabling appropriate actions to ensure need-based rehabilitation. 
• 14.7. JAL JEEVAN MISSION (JJM)
• • JJM aims at providing Functional Household Tap Connection (FHTC) to every rural household by 2024.
• o FHTC – Functionality of a tap connection is defined as having infrastructure, i.e. household tap connection providing water in adequate quantity, i.e. at least 55 lpcd (litre per capita per day), of prescribed quality, i.e.
• • JJM is an upgraded version of the National Rural Drinking Water Programme (NRDWP) that was launched in 2009.
• • Components under JJM:
• o development of in-village piped water supply infrastructure
• o development of reliable drinking water sources and/or augmentation of existing sources to provide long-term sustainability of water supply system
• o technological interventions for removal of contaminants where water quality is an issue
• o greywater management (domestic non-faecal wastewater)
• o development of utilities, water quality laboratories, water quality testing & surveillance, R&D, knowledge centre, capacity building of communities, etc
• • Community driven approach: The 73rd Amendment to the Constitution of India has placed the subject of drinking water in the 11th Schedule. So, under JJM, Gram Panchayats and local community play the pivotal role.
• • Fund sharing pattern: 90:10 for Himalayan and North-Eastern States; 50:50 for other States and 100% for UTs.
• • Institutional Mechanism for implementation:
• o National Jal Jeevan Mission: provide policy guidance, financial assistance and technical support to States
• o State Water and Sanitation Mission (SWSM): finalization of State Action Plan (SAP), financial planning etc.
• BIS:10500 standard, on regular basis, i.e. continuous supply in long-term.
• • to provide functional tap connection to Schools, Anganwadi centres, GP buildings, Health centres, wellness centres and community buildings
• o District Water and Sanitation Mission (DWSM): headed by Deputy Commissioner/ District Collector (DC), it is responsible for overall implementation of JJM.
• o Gram Panchayat and/ or its sub-committees: provide FHTC to every existing rural HH, ensure preparation of Village Action Plan (VAP) etc.
• • Implementation strategy:
• o Time bound completion of schemes has been proposed
• o Priority to cover water quality affected habitations will be given
• o No expenditure like electricity charges, salary of regular staff, and purchase of land, etc, will be allowed from the central share
• o 'utility-based approach': this will enable institutions to function as utilities and focus on drinking water supply services and recover water tariffs from all kinds of consumers.
• o Convergence: convergence with existing schemes such as MGNREGS to implement measures like rainwater harvesting, groundwater recharge etc.
• o Incentive for community: community would be rewarded to the tune of 10% of the capital expenditure on their respective in-village water supply scheme
• • Water Quality Monitoring & Surveillance (WQM&S): includes setting up and maintenance of water quality testing labs and surveillance activities by community.
• Jalmani Programme
• This programme involves installation of Stand Alone Purification System in rural schools, since 2008. The ownership of the water purification system lies with school authorities, while funds are provided to the village panchayats by the State Governments for operating this program.
• Swajal
• • It is a community demand driven, decentralized, single village, preferably solar powered, mini Piped Water Supply (PWS) programme for the 117 aspirational districts identified by NITI Aayog.
• • Gram Panchayats in partnership with rural communities and State sectoral agencies would be involved in the execution of the scheme and also operate and maintain the scheme. The programme would also sustain ODF status.
• • The scheme will train hundreds of rural technicians for operation and maintenance of Swajal units. 
• 14.8. OTHER SCHEMES
• NAQUIM (National Aquifer Mapping and Management)
• • The primary objective of the Aquifer Mapping Exercise can be summed up as “Know your Aquifer, Manage your Aquifer”.
• • This program was initiated to map aquifers through advanced techniques. This will help in managing Aquifer recharge, river bank filtration and identification of critically stressed blocks as well as identification of contaminated blocks.
• • It can help integrate ground water availability with ground water accessibility and quality aspects.
• • The Ministry of Water Resources is implementing the National Aquifer Mapping Programme. Associated institutions are the Central Ground Water Board, the National Geophysical Research Institute, the World Bank, DFID, and State Ground Water Departments.
• Water Resource Information System (WRIS)
• India-WRIS WebGIS is a ‘Single Window’ solution for comprehensive and, authoritative data of India’s water resources along with allied natural resources in a standardized national GIS framework with tools to search, access, and analyze the data for Integrated Water Resources Management (IWRM). The project has been jointly undertaken by CWC, MoWR and NRSC, ISRO, DoS (Department of Space) in year 2009.
• Arth Ganga
• • It is a sustainable development model through economic activity along the banks of Ganga River.
• • As part of this process,
• o Farmers should be encouraged to engage in sustainable agriculture practices, including zero budget farming, etc
• o Creation of infrastructure for water sports and development of camp sites, cycling and walking tracks etc would also be taken up.
• o Priority could be given to women Self Help Groups and ex-servicemen organizations.
• o ‘Hybrid’ tourism potential of the river basin area- for purposes of religious as well as adventure tourism.