Political Ideologies

Anarchism

• Literal - w/o rule
• State evil & unnecessary - aims stateless society
• 2 major tradition
• Collectivist anarchism / social anarchism - root in socialism , endorse social solidarity & mutual ai d , both anarchism & socialism reject capitalism support revolution as measn , collective ownership & statelessness
• Calls parliamentary socialism as contradiction 
• Criticize proletariat dictatorship

• Indiv anarchist 
• Liberal idea of indiv sovereignty
• Abs & unlimited auth reside within HB
• Rejects liber's night watchman state (const state)
• Henery david thereau - that govt is best which govern not at all
• Individualism --> civil disobedience --> indiv faithfull to his conscience



• 4 Theme
• Anti- statism -
• stateless soceity bcoz state enslaves , opposes& limit human life
• Pol Auth - corrupt & corrupting , repository of coercive forces , deprive liberty
• Auth give rise to psychology of power, based on philo of domination & submission
• State is destructive - war is health of state
• Natural order -
• HB rational , moral, lovable , gregarious creature
• Social harmony , peace , order will arrive naturally & spontaneously - need not imposed by govt
• No artificial barrier for human progress
• Believe in natural good ness of mankind
• Abolition of church , anti-clericalism
• Bakunin- 1st & indispensable condition for true liberation of society
• Religion robs indiv - moral autonomy & capacity to make ethical judgement
• Don't reject religious impulse
• Freedom , humanism , Fraternity 
• Indiv dignity ,
• Unrestricted personal autonomy

• Just pool of ideas
• Political mov - Restricted by both ends & means
• Ends - unrealistic
• Means - rejected PP, election , polt org, strategic planning
• Relevance
• Highlight coercive distructive & exploitative nature of political power , auth exploitation
• Inspired various social movement
• World has bcom complex & fragmented - anarchism can provide alternate to unite all
• Millenarianism

Marxism

• Karl Marx & Frederich engels
• Communism & scientific socialism
• Das Capita & Communist manifesto




• Marxism Socialism
• Revolutionary , violence • Evolutionary, peaceful
• State - class instrument • State positive good
• Class struggle • Class harmony
• Economic determines < eco power source of political power > • Eco influence political power , does not determine it
• Nationalism bourgoiise concept • Support national integration & building
• Religion - opium of masses • Against in public life (allowed in pvt)




Socialism

• GDH cole - socialism is like hat which has lost its shape bcoz everyone wears it
• Community, fraternity, social equality, Need , social class , common ownership
• From word Social - to combine or associate
• Traditionally - sees against capitalism
• Seek to provide more humane alternative
• Central & defining feature is equality
• Social stability , cohesion & promote freedom
• Uphold cooperation

• Path to socialism
• Evolutionary - Fabianism, dem socialism
• Revolutionary - Marxist
• Spread - latin america, africa , asia
• Inspite agrarian eco , bcoz of exploitation