Public/Civil service values : Status and problems;

on
Nolan Committee -SOLO HAI
  • Selflessness
  • Objectivity
  • Leadership
  • Openness
  • Honesty
  • Accountability
  • Integrity
  • Gadrchiroly Dm -  governance award - safety of girl children against sexual abuse in child shelter home
  • Surender Singh Solanki: PM's award for best solar innovation, solar lamp project, tribal innovation: Social Entrepreneur. Training women entrepreneur in solar lamp manufacturing
Leadership
  • “Leadership is about making others better as a result of your presence and making sure that impact lasts in your absence." - HBS Definition
  • Satish Dhawan: Briefing the media about the failure of the satellite, as his own mistake,
  • Subhash Bose
  • Kurien -led Amul revolution never entertained any meddling from the political class or bureaucrats
  • Gandhi in SA - leader some time have to take an unpopular decision.
  • The character of an institution is reflected in its leader - Thatha raja yatha praja
  • Be the change that you wish to see in the world.” – Mahatma Gandhi
  • “Everyone thinks of changing the world, but no one thinks of changing himself.” – Leo Tolstoy
Courage
  • quality of spirit that enables you to face danger or pain without showing fear
  • Courage is the most important of all the virtues because, without courage, you can’t practice any other virtue consistently
  • Abbas Kazmi: Undertook Azmal Kasab's case
  • Ramnath Goenka: conviction showed by him in the Indian media's darkest hour.
  • Gauri Lankesh
  • Courage is not simply one of the virtues, but the form of every virtue at the testing point. - C. S. Lewis
Ethics in Public administration
  • If you salute your duty, you need not salute anybody. But if you pollute your duty, you have to salute everybody. - APJ Abdul Kalam.
  • Importance-  policymaking, coordination btn different institutions, public service delivery, non-partisanship in case of political instability and uncertainties, continuity in the administration.
Ethical concerns and dilemmas in government and private institutions;
  • Ethical dilemma - difficult situation with mutually exclusive alternatives and choosing one option means negating other that is equally important.
  • failure to take decision reflects indeterminacy and state of confusion.
Common ethical dilemmas for public servants –
  • Administrative discretion - the discretionary choice may be unethical
  • Corruption - ethical standards are directly related to society as a whole
  • Nepotism - ignoring merit principles leads to trust deficit
  • Administrative secrecy - secrecy is an ally of corruption
  • Information leaks - can lead to improper monetary gains, chaos
  • Public accountability - hide behind procedures and political office bearers
  • Policy dilemma - clash between public interest and requirement of law
  • Akbar
  • KN assembly jailing 2 journalist for 1 y for breach of privileges
  • Righteousness is the foundation stone of peace and good governance. – Confucius
  • Dharma is the foundation stone of good governance – Budhha
Resolving ethical dilemma in administration –
  • logical reasoning sets to integrate and rearrange
  • Accountability - Rule of law - Integrity (Professional)
  • Law establishes the minimum standard for morality.
  • Responsiveness entails that public institutions be responsive to society and pay attention to needs and demands of people. Administration should facilitate access to services and create an enabling environment for sustainable human and social development.
Conflict of interest
  • a situation in which a person is in a position to derive personal benefit from actions or decisions made in their official capacity
  • Arun Jaitley recusing himself from Vodafone case as he was its counsel earlier.
  • BCCI ethics officer-- Senior cricket player holding a various position as a member of Cricket Advisory Committee, President of state Cricket association,  commentator, mentor to IPL franchise (Against Lodha com. - 1 person - 1 post )
  • “One cannot be a judge in one’s own case”
  • King splitting child & giving part to each women claiming her
  • UPSC member changing the interview board of a candidate as she knew her parents
 Ethical dilemma
  • Live vs Livelihood in corona crisis
  • Lockdown vs Migrants labourers wanting to go home
  • Kurukshetra war: Arjun was in the ethical dilemma of killing his own guru and brothers or following raj dharma to establish peace by killing evil force
  • In NRC Ind & Assam govt dilemma for 19,06,657 ppl who could not find their name on list
  • J &K official face dilemma
  • Jharkhand girl died due to aadhar linkages with PDS
  • Whether passive euthanasia be allowed or not
  • Rohingya issue: India face dilemma whether to help them by giving refuge or see national interest of pressure on resources (operation insaniyat)
laws, rules, regulations, and conscience as sources of ethical guidance
  • Conscience - act of mind, based on an intellectual stand based on wisdom;
  • Rules- set of explicit or understood regulation or principle governing conduct ex SHWW rules
  • Norms - informal guideline ex - endogamy, respecting elders
  • Naveen Jain - Rajasthan - PCPNDT Act  - Operation mukhabir - to track misuse of pcpndt - CSR improved
  • There is a court which is higher than court of justice that is court of conscience - MK Gandhi
  • Accountability and ethical governance;
AARTI - accountability, answerability, responsibility, transparency, integrity
  • ensures that officials are performing to their full potential
  • quality & responsive services delivery
  • increases confidence in government.
  • good governance.
  • The control must not in the least be inhibitive of managerial initiative and risk-taking – Qualities which are vital for growth and development
  • Judicial accountability
  • Code of conduct for ministers
  • Committee on Ethics in LS/RS
  • Disclosure of interest/assets by legislatures and civil servants
  • Code of ethics for civil servants
  • Prevention of Corruption Act 1988
  • Lokpal and Lokayuktas
  • Whistleblower Protection Act 2011
  • Central Vigilance Commission - conduct enquiries based on complaints by Lokpal
  • Citizen's charter - improves access to public service and promotes quality
Responsibility
  • being responsible for one's conduct
  • Admiral DK joshi -  when INS sidhurakhshak collided with another vessel , took responsibility and submitted navy chief resignation
  • SP tyagi - was air chief & misused his position in Augusta Westland helicopter procurement
  • Mhm Arif khan - Union minster in Rajiv Gandhi govt resigned as not favour of reversing SC court Shah Bano case through Muslim (Protection of Right of divorce) Ordinance.
  • Swaraj party  - the member CR Das, ML Nehru, Ajmal khan wanted to avoid split in Congress like in surat, 1907 , thus they remain in contact with Gandhi & other party member
Answerability
  • It is the act of making the civil servants answerable for his acts of omissions/commissions.
  • Answerability must be backed up by enforcement mechanism
  • Madras HC judge giving an account of his performance during his tenure.
  • Live proceeding of SC cases
  • Lal Bahadur Shastri resigned as railway minister after accident.
Accountability
  • means holding a person answerable to his/her acts; Social Audit + Continous monitoring
  • official are responsible and answerable for their actions & decisions and there is a liability to give satisfactory account of exercise.
Strengthening of ethical and moral values in governance;
  • Gandhi's Talisman , HR , Humanism apporoach
  • Constitutional values in latter and spirit
  • Following CoC & CoE
  • s-evaluation- cardinal values as benchmark like E, J
  • Right recruitment, Training, workshop,  promote role models, BP
  • Inclusive decision making taking all stakeholders
  • CC,RTI ,Social Audit , Feedback , constructive criticism
  • Participatory Governance
  • Media and External Accountability

Trust deficit
  • High proportion of civil case in courts belongs to family disputes
  • Declining moral values
  • Materialistic society
  • Increasing competition for limited resources
  • Divorce
  • Bureaucracy (Doctor, Police)
  • Communication gap
  • Elitism
  • Politician
  • Corruption
  • Misuse of position
  • Criminal-business nexus
  • Reactionary of different nations in international arena
  • India-China
  • China - Usa trade war
  • Religion-based housing allotment discrimination 
  • Biased Media coverage
  • Paid news/ fake news
  • Negative news
  • On personal well-being
  • Psychological effect
  • A feeling of Insecurity, fear
  • Personal development
  • Affecting social relationship
  • On Societal well-being
  • Social harmony and fraternity declining
  • Social crimes (abuse, communalism, hate crimes )
  • Lack of community participation
  • General
  • Value Education
  • Ensuring basic human needs
  • Victim centric Restorative justice
  • Bureaucracy
  • Public participation in governance like JFM, Jan
  • International
  • Cultural and economic linkages between countries
  • People to people contact

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