Communalism & Secularism

• Ideology that ppl belonging to common religion grp have similar secular interest
• Mild -communal nationalism - same religion - same interest
• Moderate - liberal communalism - different religion - diff interest
• Extreme - different religion - mutually incompatible
• Chauvinism
• Interest of different religions divergent & dissimilar but not different - RC Guha

• Impact-RITA - Riots, Insurgency, terrorism, agitation
• Rajni kothari - electoral politics - constant power struggle btn communities - communalization of politics

• Sri lanka
• Pakistan

• HADR
• Telagana model of involving elders in whatsapp grp

• Intolerance , orthodox, violence
• Brit policy of divide & rule, separate electorate
• Communal award , religious politics, mopilla revolt (communal colour)
• Sachar com - literacy , work population ratio
• Communalization of history - ancient & medieval
• Conversion - shuddhi , ghar wapsi , love jihad
• Vote bank culture
• Role of state in creating & abetting communal conflicts (Rajiv gandhi - babri masjid, shah bano )
• Competition for jobs , land , eco gain & political power - root cause for communal clashes
• Ghettoization ,
• Alwar lynching
• Pehlu khan ,
• Mohammed Akhalaq - dadri , not only killed a man but killed  ethics (akhalq) 
• Social media, Bodoland, Assam, Mujjafarnagar, Khandamahal - Christian
• 1984 sikh riots
• PESTEL ,

• Amazon - interfaith praying room
• Sachchar ,amitav  Kundru com , Rangnath mishra com
• IPC , CrPC -

• PM 15 point program - Edu- madrassa Modernization, ICDS, employment - Hunar haat, Start-up India, living (PM aawas , Ujwala), security
• Peace community with religious leader & elders
• Provide security to victims & arrest the accused
• Supervision of media & social media
• Suppression of extreme elements in communities - kashganj - career persuasion for youth
• Deploy secular minded policemen in riot situation - jat policeman in jat
• Prevent communalization of state power , civil society
• Education sys - free of communal bias
• Role of media - secularization
• legislation against forced conversion - Himachal , OR ,MP
• Rj, WB - anti mob lynching, rajiv gauba -  soft apporoach for mob lyching
• Strengthen NCM through 3F
• Hunar haat , Standup india
• Sarva dharma sambhava, sadbhava
• Sabka saath, sabka vikas , sabka Vishwash
• 1 bharat , Shrestra Bharat
• NHRC , rapid action force
•

• Short
• Long term
• Conclusion



• Separation of religion from politics. Religion should be separate from aspect of stats & governance
• SR Bommai 1994 - secularism was implicit in india const
• Starislaus vs state of MP(1977) - a25 -  x forcible conversion 
• Ratilal vs Bombay , 1994 - regulation by state should  not interfere with essentials of religion
• ST Stephen - minority inst -
• Hadiya  case- right to life include
• Sabrimal - essential religious practice doesn't mean



God has no religion