- Human centric philo
- Way of life centered around human concerns & values
- Use of reason & scientific inquiry
- Assert dignity & moral worth of Human, their capabilities for s actualization
- Man - the essence of reality, no truth beyond man
- An optimistic attitude of life
- Each individual is an end in himself
- Socrates - unexamined life is not worth living
- Ethical - compassion , empathy , 1st physical need then mental & spiritual
- Metaphysical - naturalized metaphysics
- Epistemological - logical reasoning, critical analysis & empirical evidence
- political - indiv freedom & responsibility , democracy & LEJFR
- Sociology - reform & welfare (criminal ), no discrimination
- Psychology - applied psychology
- Edu, law liberal interpretation of A21, medicine, environment, feminism
- Renaissance Humanism
- reason,
- liberal,
- Marxism,
- ecological,
- demo,
- secular,
- scientific humanism
- MN Roy - Radical humanism, neo Humanism-
- Rationality, morality, freedom,
- challenge all ideology that denies the sovereignty of man,
- urge for human freedom,
- ignorance obstacle,
- removed by scientific edu,
- freedom is process not complete idea
- Religious / Christian humanism -
- love compassion
- sacrifices,
- tolerance,
- contradiction if interpreted in narrow term (god, heaven, hell)
- Believe moral value autonomous, or their religious belief are moral & therefore humanistic ex Ramakrishna paramhans, Buddha
- Feminist
- Naturalistic
- Impact - secularism, democracy, RD, HDI,
- Criticism - environmental concern - biocentrism
Secularism
- Humanist philo.
- Western - Church - state mutually exclusive , born out of treaty, state can't provide aid , support reform
- Indian - sui-generis, evolved philosophy, not treaty, a policy of principled intervention
- +ve - aid - Kumbh Mela, facilitation of hajj pilgrims
- -ve - reform sati , temple entry, triple talaq -biddat
- Sarva dharma sambhav, Sarva dharma sadbhav
- Radha krishnan - secularism doesn't mean atheist universality of religious value
- Secularism - x interreligious & intrareligious domination
- Secularization - implementing secular value - more separation of church & state
- -ve impact - less interference of religion into state affairs - less moral value, confinement , isolation , insecurity --> identity crisis --> fundamentalism , religious terrorism
- +ve impact- modernization , rational , superstition , religion pvt affairs
- Place of religion in future
- Remains
- Withers away - not intention of secularism, but it made conducive environment for reason to grow & religion vanish
- More reason - people deny religion
Multi-culturalism.
- Different culture - coexistence --> collective identity
- 20th cent - Nationalism - Unity in diversity
- 21st cent - Multiculturalism - diversity in unity
- Factors responsible
- Post war construction
- Globalization push pull factor
- Transportation revltn -after 1990s - earth hypermobile
- End of cold war
- 2000s- MC - irreversible fact
- Now a days - anti globalization sentiment, protectionism
- Ind - multi cultural , multi religious , muliti lingual , multi ethinic society - cross fertilization of idea, future for world
- Theme
- Minority rights - s governing R, poly ethinic R, special rep R
- Controversy - affirmative action by majority, appeasing sometimes (Rajiv gandhi ordinance), block mainstream , r to freedom obstructed , Identity politics
- Diversity
- Unity & diversity not opposing force - they can & should be blended together, endorses there union & celebrate the communion
- Ecosystem <<< biodiversity -- stable, dynamic, resilient, vigor
- Model of composite culture
- USA- melting pot - cosmopolitanism - one world one culture - American dream - identity crisis --> R& L fundamentalism , terrorism
- Europe - salad bowl -
- Indian - thali - unity in diversity
- UK - be British
- MC -boon
- Cross culture tolerance , talent , ideas , respecting difference
- Bane - ghettoization
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