• What can be said abt G
• cognitive -R statement factually significant
• RL based on faith but faith is factual & cognitive
• John hick's Eschatology - Weak verification th in reverse - everything will verified in future
• Non Cognitive
• Th. of myth by William Paden
Analogical RL- semi cognitive
• Attempt to explain something unknown in light of something known
• Paley's analogy of watch - can reach the mechanic from
• Univocal words - fixed meaning in all context
• Equivocal word - different meaning in different context
• Aquinas reject both in univocal man & god become same , in 2nd they become entirely different
• Middle way is analogy
Analogy of attribution - g creator , source of all things
• All being in in universe imitate g according to their mode of existence
• God source of all quality , all quality applies to god 1st and foremost & most perfectly then it applies to other being
• Bulls health & his urine health ex
Analogy of proper proportion
Analogy of improper proportion
• We have been created on his image but as we are inferior we possess these qualities in lesser proportion
• Hick's ex - faithfulness of man & dog
• World also contain evil & does god possess evil
• Presumption that god creator and source of world
• Darwin evolution th says P&C
• Circular fallacy - assumption that g is source of all things
• Can't tell new thing abt g , like telling abt car designer by looking car
• Richard Swinburne - no need of analogy , univocal words sufficient
• Verfication th
• Evil - privation of good -- Augustine
• Eschatological verification
Symbolic
Paul Tillich - make distinction btn sign & symbol
Both point to something beyond themselves
• Possible to speak meaningfully abt metaphysical things through symbol
• Symbol - point something beyond themselves
• Enjoy organic relation for what they stand for
• Participate in what they point to
• Open up different level of realities, which otherwise close to us
• Profound impact on human
• Meaningful way to express the inexpressible
• Compared with neti-2 ,
• Hurting or insulting a symbol amount to hurting entire sentiment of religion
• Ex - om , 786, sathiya , cross crescent
National symbol - flag , anthem
RL symbolic way to point toward ult reality , god which is being itself
Being itself - anything on which everything else depends
RB Braithwaite
• RS are moral in content & intention
• Can be verified as result in change in behaviour
• From know pov sterile
• They are non- cognitive but not meaning less
RS declaration to a commitment of way of life , adherence to moral code
Result in action , they do have meanig , religious person comitted to certain life
Ex - 10 commandment , golden principle , geeta etc
Religious stories influence devotee irrespective of verification ex- jesus sacrifice , vishnu krishna avatara
Not just inteelctual consideration but all thought affect human behavior , his fantasies , imagination , ideas
RM Hare 's Blick theory
• Blick a particular view abt the world which man not be based upon reason , facts
• It can be right or wrong blick but it has profound impact on one's behaviour , influence entire personalities
• Due to religious blick - different behaviours & belief - political , social , family planning , edu
• Lunatic blick abt murders
• Blick that car metal is strong and can drive it fast
• Basil Mitchell - parable of resistance fighter & allegiance to leader
• Ground of his belief is facts and reason & but can't be verified in simplistic way as propounded by LP
• Eschatology stranger will reveal true allegiance after war & explain his mysterious behaviour
• John Hick - religious beliefs based on reason , ppl believe in G bcoz the had r exp or feel that Koran bible , geeta to be true for various reason
LP
• AJ Ayer truth - justified
• Denies possibility of god
• RS - non cognitive , meaningless, senseless
• No point of verifying such statement
Antony flew - gardeners analogy , believer keeps on qualifying gardeners as invisible, smell less, intangible but doesn't accept no gardener
Karl popper statement to be meaningful must be open for falsification
R statement suffer death by a thousand qualification . They are so immune to falsification that in fact they are empty
• Ludwig Wittgenstein - Language game - set of activity , form of life , meaning of word is its use in lang, lang no fixed structure
• Varification th too open ended allowed many expression as meaningful
• Too narrow in sense restrict statement which even lp will believe - 'there is past', everyone has mother
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